The Importance Of Positive Interactions Children And Young People Essay

The Importance Of Positive Interactions Children And Young People Essay It might be difficult to build up a positive relationship with a kid from the outset, the early years professionals need to truly become more acquainted with the youngsters in their consideration so as to react to them enough. They have to know their inclinations, what alarms them or stresses them, what makes them upbeat and pitiful and what bothers them. They should know at what triggers their states of mind and they have to turn out to be the means by which to get every individual youngster to react to them, trust them and open up to them and this isn't exceptionally simple. Becoming more acquainted with a kid can be troublesome on the grounds that they might be timid and dislike being around outsiders and they additionally may be encountering division tension from their folks and may likewise be exceptionally careful about the setting they are in early years specialists should know that toys and games are not a viable alternative for a warm and confiding in relationship with a gro wn-up, who is really intrigued by the youngster. Grown-ups are a childs best asset and good example and by giving a youngster your total consideration are superior to any toy or contraption. Most youngsters long to be acknowledged in their environmental factors and want to have a place and that their convictions and sentiments are regarded and esteemed. By decidedly communicating with a kid you will become more acquainted with that kid truly well, you will start to comprehend what they like and loathe and once you realize this you can design suitable exercises for them to create. A positive collaboration with the kid should begin when they come in the first part of the day by ensuring the manner in which you welcome them is an amazingly positive one as this is the most upsetting time for the kid when their folks leave them. As the youngsters engage in exercises you ought to have the option to concentrate on what the kid is stating and attempt to turn into a piece of the discussion t his lets the kid think they are in the number one spot and you are taking bearing from them and not the contrary path around, yet there likewise perhaps times when the kid doesn't need or need contribution from a grown-up and by knowing the kid you should realize when to step back and unobtrusively see. This originates for a fact and how well you know the youngster, as you develop specialist you will intuitively realize when to mediate or essentially simply remain back and let the kid investigate. With all youngsters they are for the most part totally extraordinary and a few kids will open up to you effectively as certain kids flourish with grown-up consideration .anyway a few kids won't be so quick to open up and it will be incredibly difficult to fabricate a positive relationship. They may think that its hard for various purposes behind model they might be timid ,they might be encountering issues outside the setting, they perhaps unwell or simply drained whatever the explanation i f the kid has been in the setting for quite a while you ought to in a flash explain why the kid is by and large peaceful or pulled back and t possibly a smart thought to have a word with the childs guardians however on the off chance that the youngster is new to the setting and are thinking that its hard to settle in , it perhaps that they are not cooperating or speaking with anybody in the setting . Its down to the early years experts to attempt to figure out how to become acquainted with them better this may be significantly simpler in the event that you converse with the guardians and discover the childs interests, attempt to invest quality energy with the youngster on a balanced premise so you can slowly develop their trust. a youngster shouldnt be constrained into blending in with others till they are prepared to do so they may simply prefer to watch and conform to their new setting .books can be incredibly acceptable by getting the kid to cooperate, discover what their preferr ed story is and offer to peruse it to them this may urge the kid to discuss the story. It is significant that your kid as a positive relationship with their expert as the youngster may go through 5-7 hours every day with them. Connecting emphatically with the kid since the beginning is the reason for a decent relationship which benefits the youngsters hugely by decidedly cooperating with the kid they get one on one time with the professional and produce a positive connection between them. By having a positive relationship it builds up the childs subjective aptitudes , social enthusiastic and language aptitudes ; kids acquire language and social aptitudes as well as create affectability , the capacity to work out their issues, consolation and the capacity to pose inquiries . instructor kid associations are most formatively fitting when the educator reacts rapidly , legitimately and energetically to the kids this gives an assortment of chances to take part in 2 manner discussions and recognizes and explains on the emotions , premiums and exercises of the youngsters instructors which respond in a touchy and positive manner are bound to create positive and sustaining connections which is a key to a childs security , improving the probability that the kid will investigate their condition giving them greater chance to learn . 3.2. Portray why it is important to tune in to kids and viable methods of doing this. Kids need to go on and on and continually and while we hear what they are stating do we truly hear them out? In the event that you get some information about grown-ups who they like to be with, over and over they will let you know, somebody who they can converse with. Listening is an indispensable piece of working adequately with offspring everything being equal. It needs to start when kids are babies; babies need to see reactions to their initial vocalization. Grown-ups working with children may grin, get an infant and answer by extending the vocalization. Later as youngsters become increasingly familiar speakers, the need to gain proficiency with the aptitudes of tuning in. As opposed to prevalent thinking, this isn't found out by keeping them still and calm, listening is really a functioning ability and youngsters need to figure out how to react suitably. they can do this if grown-ups are effectively tuning in to them . Undivided attention is something beyond hearing: it includes contemplating what the other individual (for this situation a youngster) is attempting to pass on. Undivided attention additionally implies giving a youngster your complete consideration, this can be hard in occupied settings, yet should be organized. In many settings open doors for undivided attention are connected to format and schedules. Setting up the natural product for nibble time and cleaning tables are instances of errands should be possible with a youngster visiting close by. The key is to ensure kids feel loose and they realize that you are not in a surge or prone to be occupied. By listening near kids we can distinguish their requirements and abilities and interests and furthermore encourages them expand on their certainty and confidence. we can utilize this information to design exercises and conclude how to stretch out these exercises so as to advance the childs learning in every aspect of learning and improvement , a few kids take some time before they truly get round to talking . This is one motivation behind why it is imperative to make circumstances where you are not hurried. A kid may essentially start by simply needing to be with you and steadily start to need to talk. A few youngsters additionally need visual props and signals to support them. This is specific significant in more youthful kids. Just as kids whom the language of the setting isn't their own language. A youngster who can't let you know can't mention to you what they need is probably going to snatch what they need by carrying on gravely. To tune in to what a childs saying you have to give the kid your complete consideration and ensure you realize that you have done so confront them, look at them without flinching, lean in towards them and react to what they are stating, don't deny or dismiss what they are stating. It is likewise critical to recall that when we talk about tuning in to kids we don't just mean considering what they are stating through there verbally expressed word . There are numerous manners by which a kid can convey or even youthful infants or youngsters with a formative postponement or inability can impart in various manners. These kids should likewise be tuned in to and their sentiments considered. Early years specialists need to figure out how to recognize the correct second when to mediate in a childs discussion without taking control or completing sentences for them you can do this by attempting to develop what they are stating through posing suitable inquiries or offering important thoughts. In the event that a youngster starts to feel like what they need to state is of no outcome and you are not liable to consider their assessments they will stop to voice them, talking and listening are central to all that we do regular. A childs relational abilities should be focused on day by day. Their capacity to talk and communicate should be sustained and the most ideal way this should be possible is for early years specialists to listen eagerl y to what they need to state. We may not generally concur with them and it may not generally be conceivable to let them have what they demand. Anyway it is workable for us to hear them out and react to them in a sufficient and compelling way. 3.3 sum up the significance of unconstrained play and how this can be accomplished in early years settings. Given the open door youngsters play unexpectedly which implies they give their own inspiration to play and act without intercession of a grown-up .the time and kind of play is completely chosen by the kid and exercises can be halted and taken up voluntarily. Playing to the kid is simply unconstrained and might not have any objective or end. Unconstrained play can be very powerful and professionals should utilize unforeseen chances. It is fundamental that every early year laborers comprehend and esteem unconstrained play so as to become touchy facilitators. While most youngsters set out on unconstrained play eagerly, grown-ups need to make the correct arrangements. Remember that each kid is a person with their own needs and during improvement these requirements change. encouraging s

Counseling process1 Essay Example For Students

Directing process1 Essay Diagram of Counseling and Psychotherapy Psychotherapy is the treatment of people with enthusiastic issues, conduct issues, or psychological instability fundamentally through verbal correspondence. At one time the term psychotherapy alluded to a type of mental treatment utilized with seriously upset people. Directing, then again, alludes to the treatment of individuals with milder mental issues or to counsel given on professional and instructive issues. Directing therapists as a rule work in schools or mechanical firms, exhorting and helping individuals. Today the differentiation among psychotherapy and advising is very obscured, and numerous emotional well-being experts utilize the terms reciprocally. Psychotherapy is a significant type of treatment for some sorts of mental issues. In many sorts of psychotherapy, just as directing, an individual talks about their issues one-on-one with an advisor. The specialist attempts to comprehend the people issues and to help the individual change upsetting contemplations, sentiments, or practices. Individuals regularly look for psychotherapy when they have attempted different methodologies, such as directing, to taking care of an individual issue. For instance, individuals who are discouraged, restless, or have medication or liquor issues may find that conversing with companions or relatives isn't sufficient to determine their issues. Now and again individuals might need to converse with a specialist about issues they would feel awkward talking about with companions or family, for example, being explicitly mishandled as a youngster. Finding a specialist to converse with who is educated about passionate issues, has patients eventual benefits on a basic level, and is moderately target can be amazingly useful. Psychotherapy contrasts in two different ways from directing or from the casual assistance or exhortation that one individual may give another. Initial, a prepared, confirmed, or authorized advisor conducts psychotherapy. Moreover, treatment strategies in psychotherapy are guided by all around created speculations about the wellsprings of individual issues. The idea of guiding, then again, is basically liberal in that the presumptions fundamental its hypothesis and practice are, first, that every individual has the option to shape his own predetermination and second, that the generally develop and experienced individuals from the network are answerable for guaranteeing that every individual decision will serve the two his own advantages and those of the general public to which he has a place. Anyone can offer guidance to any individual who needs it. In this manner, directing can happen anyplace and at whenever. The instructor doesn't endeavor, nonetheless, to take care of the people issues for him. Modification is an individual issue that every individual must find for himself, and the advisor chiefly attempts to explain the people own reasoning so he can be ensured the satisfaction of his own needs and yearnings. Psychological well-being experts concur that the viability of treatment depends to an enormous degree on the nature of the connection between the customer and specialist. All in all, the better the affinity is among specialist and customer, the better the result of treatment. On the off chance that an individual doesn't believe a specialist enough to portray profoundly close to home issues, the advisor will experience difficulty helping the individual change and improve. For customers, believing that the advisor can give assistance to their issues is fundamental for gaining ground. The originator of individual focused treatment, Carl Rogers, accepted that the most significant characteristics in an advisor are being certified, tolerating, and empathic. Practically all specialists today would concur that these characteristics are significant. Being veritable implies that advisors care for the customer and carry on toward the customer as they truly feel. Being tolerating implies that specialists ought to acknowledge customers for what their identity is, regardless of the things that they may have done. Specialists don't need to concur with customers, yet they should acknowledge them. .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e , .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .postImageUrl , .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e , .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e:hover , .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e:visited , .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e:active { border:0!important; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e:active , .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6f9e87c 81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6f9e87c81f6f45c07f537d55a6b10f2e:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Wetland Conservation Essay Being empathic methods those specialists comprehend the customers sentiments and encounters and pass on this comprehension back to the customer. What is progressively powerful at that point? Psychotherapy or guiding? This inquiry has been fervently bantered for quite a long time, and research on this issue presents numerous challenges. In leading examinations that think about various treatments, specialists look to ensure that every treatment bunch is as comparative as could be expected under the circumstances. For instance, specialists may constrain the gatherings to individuals with a similar seriousness of misery. Furthermore, inside every treatment gathering, specialists attempt to ensure that advisors are utilizing similar methods and are prepared comparably. Be that as it may, patients don't come to .

Do You Have Ideas to Make Your Personal Statement Titles?

Do You Have Ideas to Make Your Personal Statement Titles?Did you make your own 2020 tok essay title? It's a great way to highlight your specialties and expertise, but did you use three samples to create your final product? Here are some other ideas to make it extra effective.A tok will be based on your teaching experience. If you have had a great experience in the past, then your teaching skills and experiences would lend themselves to writing an excellent title. Also, for those who have not had that type of experience, they might want to write an example of their own experiences.Also, when writing, there are several aspects to consider. One of these is to find the right words to introduce yourself or to reference your accomplishments. For example, if you are a career coach, you could use your experiences as a coaching professional in writing the title. In addition, it might be a good idea to leave an opportunity for the reader to look back at your bio-section and perhaps even the te acher section and see how you have taken a major life change and made it successful in your own life.When creating your title, be sure to include your experience and teach what you know. You should keep in mind that the title is the first thing that readers will read, so use your teaching expertise to promote your content.Another example of where you can get help in your personal statement is if you have written one yourself, it can be a good source of information as well. However, you should follow the lesson plan of the course rather than just take it as your own. Using examples in the cover letter and introduction is a great way to boost your credibility and to get attention.Another element to your essay topic could be your resume. If you are having a hard time writing a cover letter and submitting it, why not use the resume that you have written? This will give you the opportunity to use some of your expertise in writing the cover letter and also give a chance to see how your re sume looks in relation to the paper that you are writing. Having your resume written and included in your titles can provide you with ideas on how to make it more effective.Sometimes, a student will want to be specific with their advice, so using examples from common sense is very helpful. For example, if you are writing an article about organic gardening, then the examples you will give may include things like that you are a certified organic gardener. Not only will this increase the level of your credibility with the reader, but it will also allow them to feel confident in your writing.Writing an excellent tok title is something that most teachers have an idea of, but it is also something that comes naturally. Writing your own 2020 tok essay titles can be tricky because you have to follow guidelines and make sure you use the right keywords.

Internet Gambling is Affecting the Lives of Many - 684 Words

Annotated Bibliography on Internet Gambling Brown, Stuart J. The Surge in Online Gambling on College Campuses. New Directions for Student Services 2006.113 (2006): 53-61. Print. Retrieved February 25, 2014. http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=453a0229-2511-46c3-9499-6a133a2aa892%40sessionmgr198vid=5hid=112 This article summarizes how the growth of internet gambling is affecting the lives of many college students. It does this by explaining that once people reach college, they are in dire need of money and will do anything to get it, even gamble. The author also explains how sometimes some people who creates these online gambling sites will tell the people that they can win a big cash reward that will go towards their tuition or win a scholarship to help pay for college, which will attract more and more college kids, since some do not really have enough money to pay for college, but sometimes they do not have enough money to gamble away either. I find this information very useful, because it can help me connect with most of my audience, which is in college. I also find that that this article will help me prove my point that internet gambling should not be legal anywhere and to anyone. Finally, with this article it can help me reach out to most of the college kids out there and tell them that gambling online will not help you; it will only cause a gambling addiction, which can easily lead to them not being able to pay for college at all. Kish,Show MoreRelatedIntroduction to Internet Addiction978 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction to Internet Addiction Ten years ago, the only people who spent a majority of their leisure time on the computer were paid members of the technology industry. Today, however, surfing the Web has become a pastime as social and marketable as bar hopping or going to the movies. 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President Of Government And Political Affairs - 1130 Words

Millersville University American Presidency Conrad Dobler GOVT 215: Dr. Lawrence Department of Government and Political Affairs May 3rd, 2017 What does president do that makes the public feel as if they are strong, or powerful, and what determines a president to be labeled as limited? That’s really up to one s views on politics, their morals, and opinions. In this paper I will go over three of what I consider to be the best, and strongest Presidents history has ever had. The presidents will be judged on how they handled themselves in office, as well as any important decisions or problems they may have faced during their terms, and the legacy they have left in history. Also, how life for them before they were elected†¦show more content†¦From there he didn’t waste any time and got right to work. Theodore did so much for the country, he was known by many nicknames, such as â€Å"The Trust Buster†, â€Å"Rough Rider†, and of course â€Å"Teddy† (Bio). All because the country was rather fond of him and everything he has done. He is considered to be the first real modern presid ent, Theodore expanded on the power of the President. Using executive orders more often than any other president prior (Whitehouse.gov). As well as Presidential proclamations in ways no other president ever had before him. For Roosevelt, the people of the country were his top priority. He created a domestic policy called The Square Deal. This deal helped to protect the people from big businesses and offered consumer protection to all, and in general, he truly cared about the middle class as a whole. Roosevelt also instituted the sherman antitrust act, to help break up huge monopolies from taking over whole markets and holding back the already slow economy. Later in 1904, Theodore was elected as President. He then got back to work on the Panama canal, to make trade, imports and exports easier to do. 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Drafting was a very large reason for the strained national affairs. Black men were drafted and sent to

Analysis Of How Children Succeed - 2252 Words

Most people subscribe to the belief that Paul Tough refers to the cognitive hypothesis that suggests that success depends primarily on cognitive skills. They argue that intelligence is measured based on IQ tests which include the ability to recognize letters, words, detect patterns, and calculate. They say that the simplest way to acquire and develop skills is through practicing them continuously. Children should also begin practicing as early as possible to nurture skills. However, in the book titled â€Å"How Children Succeed,† Tough introduces the character hypothesis which explains that non–cognitive skills such as self-control, curiosity, self-confidence, conscientiousness, and grit are crucial to achieving success than sheer brainpower or cognitive skills (Tough 49). To justify his argument, he uses research findings from psychologists and neuroscientists. They say that character is developed by encountering with failure and overcoming it. The hidden power of char acter explains why some children perform well while others fail. However, I say that linking grit and character is pervasive and unfair to kids from poor backgrounds; particularly when the author states that academic proficiency is not a determinant of future success. The big point on Tough’s main arguments is that children succeed with character and not test scores. In his previous writings, Tough mentioned that grit is the component that was missing in education. He recounts two educators; Dominic Randolph andShow MoreRelatedThe Logic Of Nonstandard English By William Labov736 Words   |  3 PagesWilliam Labov. To start off this understanding I will first define keywords in order for the reader to fully grasp the argument. Furthermore I will state the authors main claim and link them to the evidence Labov provides. 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Primary Source Analysis Japanese Fourteen free essay sample

Primary Source Analysis Japanese Fourteen- Part Message to the United States December 7, 1941 Introduction Japan in 1942 was at the height of its expansion . Japanese political culture and ideology was driven by nationalistic pride and its aim to dominate the Asian political scenario. During this expansionistic period of Japan, idealism dominated realism. Japan wanted to be the hegemonic power in Asia. Its limited resources, mainly due to the lack of land, created a dependency on foreign trade for essential commodities. The Japanese Government wanted to be independent from economic dependence on he United States; the American Government took to use that dependence to limit Japans ambitions. The Japanese wanted to reverse the international status quo in Asia, whereas the United States wanted to preserve it . Japan wanted to be a power with a reputation matching that of the United States, but lacked the resource capacity to do so. Japan took the first step towards its goal of Imperialistic expansion by signing the Treaty of Shimonoseki;l whereby Japan claimed Taiwan and the Liaotung Peninsula in southern Manchuria . In the 1930 Japanese military leaders believed nd boasted that Japan could conquer all of Mainland China within three months . Japan then invaded Manchuria on the 18th of September 1931, blaming an explosion on the Sothern Manchurian railway on the Chinese, which the Japanese had themselves orchestrated. The Japanese army occupied major cities, and established the puppet Government of Manchukuo by installing Pu Yi the last emperor of China as its head, making Manchuria a territory of Japan . Japanese ambition of conquering China came to light in the summer of 1937, when Japan succeeded in provoking a full-scale war with China. When a Japanese soldier failed to appear for roll call near he Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing, the Japanese army ordered a search of the area. During the search the Japanese Army faced resistance from the Chinese commander in charge of the area, which led to a clash between the solders stationed there. In the following weeks the conflict intensified the Japanese Army sent reinforcements of women and children, according to the International Military Tribunal of the Far East 260,000 noncombatants died at Nanking in late 1937 and early 1938. In 1940 Japan invaded French Indochina with an aim of curbing imports, of oil, raw materials and war supplies to China. The Japanese attempt to conquer China and to reduce western power in Southeast Asia, encouraged armed resistance and provoked economic sanctions. The United States imposed sanctions on Japan on the 26th of July 1941. The aim of this embargo was to bring Japan to its senses but instead it brought it to its knees. Due to the sanctions Japanese assets were frozen and its supply of steel and oil drastically went low. According to Miller, Japan was left with three options: first suffer economic impoverishment, second accede to Americas demands to yield it territorial conquests or third go to war with the United States and its allies . Japan chose the third option and its intention to do so was made clear to America and the world on the 7th of December 1941 when it attacked Pearl Harbor. Japanese Ambassador Kichisaburo Nomura delivered the fourteen-part message to U. S. Secretary Of State Cordell Hull on December 7th, 1941 . The aim of the fourteen- part message was to defend and Justify Japans actions against the United States and its attack on the Philippines, Dutch East Indies and Pearl Harbor. The Japanese decision for war was driven by Japanese pride and the threatened economic destruction by the United States. In the letter the Japanese government points out nd gives several references to the Japanese governments sincerity and effort in arriving at a consensus and that due to the American Governments unwillingness to cooperate and irrational attitude an agreement could not be reached. The message also blames China for not seeing Japans true intentions of promoting peace in the region has the war been extended. Audience and Author The primary audiences of the message were the government of the United States and the American people and the secondary audiences were the allies of The United States and the rest of the world. The message was written so that the audience sees Japans logic behind the attack on Pearl Harbor. The first person to officially read the message was the Secretary of State Cordell Hull who received it from the Japanese Ambassador. After reading the message Secretary of State Hull responded by saying In all my fifty years of public service I have never seen a document that was more crowded with infamous falsehoods and distortions . The fourteen-part message was written in Japan by Japanese government officials and officials of the military under the guidance of Japanese political leaders. Analysis of the source The message is divided into seven segments. In each segment Japan either points out faults in the American governments approach or the Chinese and the allies. Japan in all the segments portrays its self as the nation promoting peace. The message in the last paragraph reveals that the negotiations have come to an end. The first segment emphasizes the sincerity of the Japanese Government in the negotiations to preserve the peace in the Pacific Area. It states that negotiations between the Government of second segment of the message points out that Americas and Britains policies and actions towards Japan, is the reason that the Pacific and East Asia are destabilized nd that it is Japans policy is to ensure stability of the region. Japan points out its immediate concern of resolving the China issue because from the mid-1930 China related issues served to define a relationship of national interests between Tokyo and Washington. Japan states that it is not responsible for the hostilities that broke out in China and says that it happened because China failed to comprehend Japans true intentions. The message says that Japan endeavored to maintain peace and put in sincere efforts to prevent war like disturbances and for that purpose it signed the ripartite pact with Germany and Italy, but the American government unable to see the Japanese motive behind the tripartite pact took it as a threat. Hence the tripartite pact of September 1940 was a major stumbling block to the relations between the US and Japan. Japan alleges that The United States and Great Britain have resorted to obstruct the peace between Japan and China by interfering with Japans efforts by assisting the Chungking regime. Japan also blames the American and English governments for the tension in the pacific and accuses them of strengthening their military to encircle Japan. Japans attempt to reduce tension has been pointed out, when the Japanese proposed a meeting between the Japanese Prime Minister Konoe and President Roosevelt. It states that the United States refused on the basis that Japan and the United States should come to an agreement before the meeting, which the Government of the United States knew was not possible. In the third segment, Japan places emphasis on its efforts to arrive at a consensus and accuses the United States of deviating from that path. It points out the that Japan submitted three proposals each time adjusting to the American demands and eeping its interests at bay. A version (consisting of five parts) of the final proposal is laid out in this segment. These five points resemble to an extent the open door policy of the United States Government towards China but from a Japanese point of view. The first part proposes that both nations do not dispatch their forces in South East Asia and the South Pacific area except French Indo-China: whereby allowing Japan to keep its forces stationed in French Indo-China. The second part proposes that the United State cooperate with Japan to extract resources from the Netherlands East Indies, showing that cooperating with Japan will be beneficial to the U. S. In the third part demands that oil be supplied to Japan and Japanese the freezing of the assets be mutually nullified. The forth segment asks the United States not to interfere in Japanese-Chinese relations. The fifth part says that the Japanese government would remove its troops stationed in Indo-China after the Chinese conflict was over, this point directly contradicts the first point in which Japan wants to station its troops in Indo-China. The American government rejected this proposal and presented its own proposal known as the Hull note. On November 26, 1941 Secretary of State Hull presented it to the Japanese ambassador. One the conditions of the note insisted the withdrawal of all the Japanese forces from French Indo-China and China. It was Japans firmness on maintaining its Chinese territory, that was seen as crucial to Japans existence and United States Governments persistence that Japan renounce the territory, created the real tensions between the two countries . The fourth the negotiation. It says that Japan has maintained an attitude of fairness and tried its best to reach a consensus, pointing out that due to the impractical negotiation pproach of the American government a settlement could not be made. It emphasizes that the United States resume trade and unfreeze Japans assets and it is not Japans intention to prevent other powers from trading with China and South East Asia. The point that the message addresses here is that of the American governments objection to the Japanese declaration of a Greater East Asian Co- Prosperity Sphere that comprised of resource abundant Southeast Asia. Japans occupation of Southeast Asia, prompted the American Government to impose an embargo on oil exports to Japan . The message addresses the American Governments bjection to the tripartite pact and reflects the fact that the American Government is determined to dictate policies to the Japanese Government. The message address the fact that Japan will not observe the status quo of the Anglo-American policy of imperialistic exploitation and it claims its dominance over South-East Asia and China. Section five referring to the Hull Note states that apart from some of the acceptable terms proposed by the American Government, relinquishing the Chinese territory was not possible and the sacrifices Japan has made to gain and maintain them would have been in vain. Section six states that the Hull Note was drafted after consultations with the Chungking regime, Britain, Netherlands and Australia, and completely ignoring the Japanese position and disregarding its views. Section seven states that Japanese government earnest efforts on arriving at mutual agreement with the United States was lost due to the fact that the American government along with its allies was conspiring against Japan. Japan was hence going to end the negotiations, regretting that the chance for peace in the Pacific was lost. Conclusion The message in essence reveals the fact that Japanese decision for war against the United States was dictated by the threatened economic destruction of Japan by the United States and that that war with the United States was unavoidable. It was necessary for the Japanese to seize the Dutch East Indies because it offered an alternative to the dependency on American oil imports. It states that Japan pursued the policy of negotiation to arrive at a consensus and it was Americas inability to be practical which led to the war. It states that Japan was not at fault and that it takes two parties to convert a political dispute into a armed conflict. The message follows a attern where in Japans puts in sincere efforts towards the negotiations and US and its allies disregard those efforts.

The Crucible Essays (643 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, the main character Abigail Williams is to blame for the 1692 witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. Abigail is a mean and vindictive person who always wants her way, no matter who she hurts. Through out the play her accusations and lies cause many people pain and suffering, but she seemed to never care for any of them except John Proctor, whom she had an affair with seven months prior to the beginning of the play. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth used to employ Abigail, until Elizabeth found out the affair and threw Abigail out. Although John told Abigail that the affair was over and he would never touch her again, she tried desperately to rekindle their romance. Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I'll ever reach for you again. (Page 23) She claimed that she loved John and that he loved her. Before the play began, Abigail tried to kill Elizabeth with a curse. She thought that if Elizabeth were dead John would marry her. Further into the play, Abigail accused Elizabeth of witchcraft. She saw Marry Warren, the Proctor's servant, making a poppet. Mary put a needle into the doll, and Abigail used that for her accusation. She stabbed herself with a needle and claimed that Elizabeth's soul had done it. Although Abigail claimed she loved John, she may have just loved the care and attention he gave her. John cared for her like no one else had. In a way he could be described as somewhat of a father figure to her. When Abigail was just a child, she witnessed her parents' brutal murders. I saw Indians smash my dear parent's heads on the pillow next to mine... (page 20) After her traumatic experience, she was raised by her uncle, Reverend Parris, who is somewhat of a villain. In the play it was written, He (Parris) was a widower with no interest in children, or talent with them. (Page 3) Parris regarded children as young adults who should be thankful for being permitted to walk straight, eyes slightly lowered, arms at the sides, and mouths shut until bidden to speak. (Page 4) Therefore, it is obvious to see that Abigail grew up without any love or nurturing. She also was without any real mother or father figures. Abigail grew up to be deceitful and treacherous, lacking trustworthiness. On account of the fear for her life, Abigail began to accuse the townspeople of witchcraft. After she and the other girls were discovered in the forest dancing, she knew that they would be whipped and possibly hung. Abigail claimed that they were bewitched, and began to name names of those who were 'with the devil'. Nothing would stop her from protecting herself. When John forced Mary Warren to tell the truth about the lies that she, Abigail, and the rest of the girls were telling, Abigail proclaimed her innocence and then began to accuse Mary of being a witch. She claimed she saw Mary's spirit in the form of a bird. But God made my face; you cannot want to tear my face. Envy is a deadly sin, Mary. (Page 115) Abigail feared for her life so much that she protected it even when John was accused of witchcraft and was sentenced to be hung. Although she loved him, she would not sacrifice herself for him. In conclusion, the cause of the witch trials was Abigail Williams. Considering the facts about her love for John, traumatic childhood, and fear for her life it is easy to see that it was Abigail's fault that the tragedy occurred. As the horrible person that she was, Abigail fought to get her way no matter whom she hurt, and unfortunately in the end she did. English Essays

What Is a Sonnet The 6 Forms, Explained

What Is a Sonnet The 6 Forms, Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve likely read at least a few sonnets in English class, perhaps during a Shakespeare unit. But what is a sonnet exactly? Is there just one sonnet form? Did Shakespeare invent it? Read onto learn about the history of the sonnet and the various qualities that make up a sonnet poem, including the traditional sonnet rhyme scheme and meter. We'll also go over all the major types of sonnets, give you examples, and offer a handful of tips for writing your very own sonnet poem. What Is a Sonnet? Overview History A sonnet is a short lyric poem that consists of 14 lines, typically written in iambic pentameter (a 10-syllable pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables) and following a specific rhyme scheme (of which there are several- we’ll go over this point more in just a moment). In addition, sonnets have something called a volta (twist or turn), in which the rhyme scheme and the subject of the poem suddenly change, often to indicate a response to a question, a solution to a problem, or the resolving of some sort of tension established at the beginning of the poem. This turn normally happens closer to the end of the sonnet, though precisely when it appears varies depending on the particular sonnet form. Now, what about the history of the sonnet? Originating in Italy, the sonnet comes from the Italian word sonetto, meaning "little song" or "little sound." The oldest known sonnet form was invented by Italian poet Francesco Petrach in the 14th century. Called the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet, this sonnet structure consists of first an octave (eight lines of verse in iambic pentameter) and then a sestet (six lines). The rhyme scheme is abba abba; the rhyme scheme in the sestet can vary a little but is typicallycde cde or cdc dcd. But it is perhaps famed 16th-century English poet and playwright William Shakespeare who came up with the most well-known and easily recognizable sonnet form. In the Shakespearean or English sonnet, each line is 10 syllables long written in iambic pentameter. The structure can be divided into three quatrains (four-line stanzas) plus a final rhyming couplet (two-line stanza). The Shakespearean sonnet rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg. Many other sonnet structures have been invented by an array of poets (we’ll go over what these are shortly). In terms of themes, these days sonnets are most often associated with themes of love and romance, though topics such as death, time, and faith are not uncommon. Petrarchan vs Shakespearean: The 2 Main Sonnet Forms As I explained above, the two main types of sonnets are the Petrarchan (or Italian) sonnet and the Shakespearean (or English) sonnet. Before we go over both of these types in more detail, let’s take a quick look at some of the key similarities and differences between the two sonnet forms: Origin # of Lines Iambic Pentameter? Structure Rhyme Scheme Volta Petrarchan Sonnet Italian 14 Yes An octave and a sestet abbaabbacdecde OR abba abba cdc dcd Between the eighth and ninth lines Shakespearean Sonnet English 14 Yes Three quatrains and a rhyming couplet abab cdcd efef gg Between the 12th and 13th lines Portrait of Francesco Petrarch Petrarchan Sonnet The Petrarchan sonnet is the original sonnet structure developed by Italian poet Francesco Petrarch. To reiterate, here are the main characteristics of this sonnet form: Structure: An octave followed by a sestet Volta: Happens between the eighth and ninth lines Rhyme Scheme: abba abba followed bycde cde ORcdc dcd Let’s look at an example of a classic Petrarchan sonnet. The following poem was written by famed 19th-century English poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Sonnet 43, commonly referred to as, "How Do I Love Thee?" follows the Petrarchan sonnet rhyme scheme of abba abba cdc dcd: Sonnet 43 by Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. (a)I love thee to the depth and breadth and height (b)My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight (b)For the ends of being and ideal grace. (a)I love thee to the level of every day’s (a)Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. (b)I love thee freely, as men strive for right; (b)I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. (a)I love thee with the passion put to use (c)In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith. (d)I love thee with a love I seemed to lose (c)With my lost saints. I love thee with the breath, (d)Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose, (c)I shall but love thee better after death. (d) In this highly romantic Petrarchan sonnet, the speaker is enumerating the many ways she loves someone. The octave stresses the all-encompassing love she has for this person, while the final sestet- where the voltaappears- presents a subtle comparison between the speaker’s present passions and "old griefs," or prior struggles in life. Title page for Shakespeare's sonnet collection, first published in 1609 Shakespearean Sonnet The Shakespearean sonnet is arguably the most famous sonnet form and was developed by William Shakespeare, who wrote more than 100 sonnets using this structure. Here are the main characteristics of the Shakespearean sonnet: Structure: Three quatrains followed by a rhyming couplet Volta: Happens between the 12th and 13th lines Rhyme Scheme: abab cdcd efef gg Now, let’s take a look at a particularly well-known sonnet written by William Shakespeare: Sonnet 18, or what is more commonly referred to as "Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?" Sonnet 18 by William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? (a)Thou art more lovely and more temperate. (b)Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, (a)And summer's lease hath all too short a date. (b)Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, (c)And often is his gold complexion dimmed; (d)And every fair from fair sometime declines, (c)By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimmed; (d)But thy eternal summer shall not fade, (e)Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, (f)Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade, (e)When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st. (f)So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, (g)So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. (g) This eloquently written poem perhaps best encapsulates the Shakespearean sonnet form. Here, Shakespeare compares the transient beauty of a young man to a tranquil, warm summer day. The volta, as we know, appearsin the final rhyming couplet and is the point at which Shakespeare confidently declares the young man’s youthful beauty will forever live on- evenlong after he dies- through these very words. 4 Additional Forms of the Sonnet Poem While thePetrarchan and Shakespearean sonnet forms are indisputably the most famous and most popular kinds of sonnets, several other sonnet structure typesdo exist. These include the following, each of which we’ll go over in more detail below: Spenserian sonnet Miltonic sonnet Terza rima sonnet Curtal sonnet Portrait of Edmund Spenser Spenserian Sonnet The Spenserian sonnet is a sonnet form named for 16th-century English poet Edmund Spenser, who introduced this structure in his 1595 collection of sonnets titled Amoretti. The Spenserian sonnet is extremelysimilar to the Shakespearean sonnet.The main difference is the rhyme scheme: whereas the Shakespearean rhyme schemeintroduces a new rhymein each quatrain, the Spenserian sonnet carries over the latter rhyme from the previous quatrain in a chain rhyme: abab bcbc cdcd ee. Like both the Petrarchan and Shakespearean sonnets, Spenserian sonnets are normallywritten in iambic pentameter. Here is an example of a Spenserian sonnet, written by Edmund Spenser himself. Sonnet III is taken from Spenser’s Amoretti: Sonnet III (Amoretti) by Edmund Spenser The sovereign beauty which I do admire, (a)Witness the world how worthy to be praised: (b)The light whereof hath kindled heavenly fire (a)In my frail spirit, by her from baseness raised; (b)That being now with her huge brightness dazed, (b)Base thing I can no more endure to view; (c)But looking still on her, I stand amazed (b)At wondrous sight of so celestial hue. (c)So when my tongue would speak her praises due, (c)It stopped is with thought's astonishment: (d)And when my pen would write her titles true, (c)It ravish'd is with fancy's wonderment: (d)Yet in my heart I then both speak and write (e)The wonder that my wit cannot endite. (e) Portrait of a young John Milton Miltonic Sonnet The Miltonic sonnet was named for 17th-century English poet John Milton, who is best known for his epic poem Paradise Lost. While this sonnet form is mostly the same as that of the Petrarchan sonnet (it uses the Petrarchan rhyme scheme of abba abba cde cde), Miltonic sonnets use enjambment to offer a more compact, interconnected presentation of the thoughts being expressed. (Enjambment is when a sentence, thought, or phrase continues beyond a line in poetry without pause.) Another key difference between the two sonnet forms is theme: Petrarchan sonnets tend to focus on love and romance, whileMiltonic sonnets are often about faith or political/social matters. The following Miltonic sonnet, titled Sonnet 19 or "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent," is one of Milton’s most famous sonnets: Sonnet 19 by John Milton When I consider how my light is spent, (a)Ere half my days, in this dark world and wide, (b)And that one Talent which is death to hide (b)Lodged with me useless, though my Soul more bent (a)To serve therewith my Maker, and present (a)My true account, lest he returning chide; (b)"Doth God exact day-labour, light denied?" (b)I fondly ask. But patience, to prevent (a)That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need (c)Either man’s work or his own gifts; who best (d)Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His state (e)Is Kingly. Thousands at his bidding speed (c)And post o’er Land and Ocean without rest: (d)They also serve who only stand and wait." (e) Terza Rima Sonnet The terza rima sonnet is named for a poetic convention called terza rima, which is a three-line stanza that uses a chain rhyme (the carrying over of the rhyme used in a previous stanza). The rhyme scheme of the terza rima sonnet is aba bcb cdc dedfollowed by a rhyming couplet that usually echoes the first rhyme of the poem: aa. Here is an example of a terza rima sonnet written by renowned American poet Robert Frost. The poem is titled "Acquainted With the Night": "Acquainted With the Night" by Robert Frost I have been one acquainted with the night. (a)I have walked out in rain- and back in rain. (b)I have outwalked the furthest city light. (a)I have looked down the saddest city lane. (b)I have passed by the watchman on his beat (c)And dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain. (b)I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet (c)When far away an interrupted cry (d)Came over houses from another street, (c)But not to call me back or say good-bye; (d)And further still at an unearthly height, (a) / (e)One luminary clock against the sky (d)Proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right. (a)I have been one acquainted with the night. (a) Gerard Manley Hopkins Curtal Sonnet The curtal sonnet is a shortened, or curtailed, version of the sonnet invented by 19th-century English poet Gerard Manley Hopkins. Unlike the majority of sonnets, the curtal sonnet does not strictly abide by the 14-line rule; rather, it maintains the overall proportions of the Petrarchan sonnet by contracting two quatrains in the octet into two tercets (three-line stanzas) and the final sestet into a quintet (five-line stanza). The final line of the quintet (and the sonnet as a whole) is much shorter than other lines and is called a "tail" or "half-line." As a result, the curtal sonnet can be described as being either 10.5 or 11 lines long. The curtal sonnet rhyme scheme is abc abc followed by dbcdc ordcbdc. What's more, this sonnet formuses a type of meter called sprung rhythm, which differs from iambic pentameter in that each line starts with a stressed instead of unstressed sound and (usually) contains four stressed syllables. One famous curtal sonnet written by Hopkins is "Pied Beauty." This sonnet uses a rhyme scheme of abc abc dbcdc: "Pied Beauty" by Gerard Manley Hopkins Glory be to God for dappled things- (a)For skies of couple-colour as a brinded cow; (b)For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim; (c)Fresh-firecoal chestnut-falls; finches’ wings; (a)Landscape plotted and pieced- fold, fallow, and plough; (b)And ll trdes, their gear and tackle and trim. (c)All things counter, original, spare, strange; (d)Whatever is fickle, freckled (who knows how?) (b)With swift, slow; sweet, sour; adazzle, dim; (c)He fathers-forth whose beauty is past change: (d)Praise him. (c) How to Write a Great Sonnet: 6 Tips Now that we’ve answered the question, "What is a sonnet?" and explained the main variations of the sonnet poem, it’s time to try writing one for yourself! In this section, we'll give you our six best tips for writing a great sonnet. #1: Read Lots of Sonnets The first step to writing a great sonnet poem is to get more acquainted with sonnets and their characteristics as a whole,including how they sound in terms of both rhythm and rhyme, what kinds of themes and subjects they focus on, and what types of volta they employ. You could start by browsingsome of the most famous sonnets by Shakespeare and Petrarch, for example, especially if you’re interested in writing a more traditional sonnet. Another option is tosearch for sonnets in online databases, such as Poets.org. On this website, you can search for a specific sonnet or poet, or browse all available sonnets by choosing "Sonnet" under "Forms" and letting the page load. I recommend reading several sonnet forms (not just Shakespearean!) so you can get a better feel for the sonnet structure you like best andwould prefer touse for your own sonnet. #2: Think of a Topic Once you’ve gotten morefamiliar with the various sonnet structures, it’s time to think of possible topics and themes you could write about in your sonnet poem. Traditional sonnets are love poems, but you shouldn't feel limited to romance. Many people have written sonnetsthat discuss things such as faith, social or political matters, tensions or problems, mundane situations, etc. You don’t even have to choose a serious subject- it could be a sarcasticor ironic sonnet if you so wish! Ultimately, the topic you want to write about in your sonnet is entirely up to you. You can write about anything for your sonnet- even this adorable fox! #3: Choose a Sonnet Form to Follow Once you have an idea for what you want to write about, you'll want to start seriously considering the sonnet form you believe will best fit the vision you have for your sonnet poem. For example, if you strongly prefer poems that don’t have as many pauses and sound a lot more like dialogue, the Miltonic sonnet structure would be a solid choicedue to its use of enjambment. Or, if you find it hard to write 14 rhyming lines, the curtal sonnet might be a good sonnet form to try working with. If you’re not sure which sonnet structure you want to use, try your hand at starting a few different forms to see which one seems to come more naturally to you and to the poem itself. #4: Befriend a Thesaurus A huge part of sonnets is being able to use words that rhyme (or mostly rhyme, as we'll discuss more in the next tip). This can be pretty difficult, especially if you’resticking with the traditional iambic pentameter meter. If you ever get stuck or just want to browse possible words that share a certain meaning, use a thesaurus. Many online versionsexist; I suggest usingThesaurus.com or the Merriam-Webster Thesaurus. A thesaurus will not only help you find words that better fit the topic, meter, and rhyme scheme of your sonnet poem, but will also improve your vocabulary so that you won’t have to rely as much on a thesaurus in the future when writing a sonnet. #5: Don’t Worry About Rhyming Words Perfectly Many people think they have to find perfectly rhyming words in order to write a good sonnet, but this isn’t necessarily true. Although sonnets dotypically have a strict rhyme scheme- whether that’s the Petrarchan rhyme scheme, the Shakespearean rhyme scheme, or something else- many sonnets use words that are NOT perfect rhymes. For instance, let’s look back at the first four lines in Browning’s "How Do I Love Thee?": How do I love thee? Let me count the ways. (a)I love thee to the depth and breadth and height (b)My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight (b)For the ends of being and ideal grace. (a) Becausethis sonnet uses the Petrarchan rhyme scheme, "ways" should rhyme with "grace," but by sounding out these two words, we can immediately tell that they aren’t actually perfect rhymes. The "s" sound in "ways" is more like a "z" sound andclearly differs from the "s" sound pronounced at the end of "grace." This type of rhyme is called an assonant rhymein that while the vowels are the same (that "ay" sound in the middle of both "ways" and "grace"), the consonants are different. Another rhyme you could use in your sonnet poem is a consonant rhymein which the vowels are different but the consonants are the same (e.g., ball and bell, faith and death). The point here is that although rhyming is an important part of the sonnet form, this rule, too, can be bent to better fit the overall image you wish to paint. #6: Don’t Be Afraid to Mix Things Up Our final tip is to be brave when writing your sonnet poem- don’t be afraid to mix things up! Even though the traditional sonnet structure follows a strict pattern in its meter and rhyming, you don’t need to follow any of these if you so choose. Generally speaking, poetry welcomes rule-breaking and creativity, so feel free to try to come up with your own sonnet form or ways to improve upon the traditional sonnet structure. For example,you could develop a new rhyme scheme or try out meters other than iambic pentameter. Just remember that if you change the sonnet form too much, it might not be identifiable as a sonnet anymore, so think about whether that’s a risk you’re willing to take. Oftentimes, the risk is worth the reward. Key Takeaways: What Is a Sonnet? As we’ve seen, there isn’t a simple answer to the question, â€Å"What is a sonnet?† A sonnet can inhabit many different forms depending on things such as the rhyme scheme, length, and meter used. In general, though, here are the main characteristics that define most sonnets: Number of Lines: 14 Meter: Typically iambic pentameter Rhyme Scheme: Petrarchan (abba abba cde cde or abba abba cdc dcd) or Shakespearean (abab cdcd efef gg), among many others Unique Qualities: Contains a volta (twist or turn) closer to the end of the sonnet Common Themes:Typically love and romance but also faith, time, personal emotions, and social/political matters The major sonnet forms are the Petrarchan (Italian) sonnet and the Shakespearean (English) sonnet. Other sonnet forms include the Spenserian sonnet, the Miltonic sonnet, the terza rima sonnet, and the curtal sonnet. Writing a sonnet poem entails a lot of preparation. Once again, here are oursix tips for writing a fantastic sonnet: Read lots of sonnets Think of a topic Choose a sonnet form to follow Befriend a thesaurus Don’t worry about rhyming words perfectly Don’t be afraid to mix things up Now, get out there and start reading (and writing) some sonnets! What’s Next? What is iambic pentameter exactly?This guide explains what the most common poetic meter is and how you, too, can write a poem using it. Whether you're writing a sonnet poem or a story, you'll likely want to use some literary devices to make your writing stand out. Learnhow imagery can bring color to your writingand get a vast list of 100+ words you can use to set the tone of your story. What is personification? Get all the info you need on this useful literary device with our guide.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 26

Leadership - Essay Example It involves assimilating HR duties and actions across the military staff, amongst the respective constituents and the services. In operational, as well as tactical sustenance, policies and measures interpret into achievement at the levels of operations and tactical. G-1/S-1s supply HR sustenance to service affiliates, Department of Defense civilians, and AOR service providers. Menter (2009) articulates that they are accountable for carrying out HR duties for allotted or attached employees The goal of HR sustenance is to capitalize on operational efficiency and to ease Army improved support. Steadfast, receptive, and well-timed HR sustenance within the operational part is vital to supporting the Commander of Operations and the military. HR Support depends on non-secure, incessant, and survivable infrastructure and contemporary information structures. These structures offer an ordinary operational depiction, asset visibility, extrapolative reproduction, and by-exception exposure, every one of which is required to help precise and judicious manning resolutions. The amended AUTL will support HR core capabilities in four accountability areas: Man the military, offer HR services, grant staff support, carry out HR development and workforce operations. Manning the military entails Workforce Promptness Management, Workforce Accounting and Potency Reporting, Workforce Information Management, along with R5 Operations Managing. The predicament in manning is finding the right combatant to the proper position at the proper time. Manning brings together expectancy, association, and dexterous positioning of workforce assets. Human Resources services are essential to unit promptness and the preservation of the individual military dimension. United States Government through the US Army (2013) states that HR services include casualty operations managing and indispensable workforce services.

Electronic Health Records Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electronic Health Records - Research Paper Example As data accumulates over long periods, a database is established; which can be used in epidemiological studies. This is crucial for development of policies that affect the healthcare industry. The data generated by the electronic health records is vital in order to determine emerging trends in health care and predict possible outbreaks in the future. The data in the EHRs can also be used to monitor provision of health care to the public, by ensuring that a standardized protocol is used to deal with all similar clinical presentations. The government can also utilize the data in the EHRs system to coordinate emergency efforts and assess the situation at the basic level of healthcare facilities. This ensures government involvement and facilitates population-level healthcare management.Electronic health records increase efficiency at all levels of healthcare provision. With efficiency, wastage of resources such as equipment, ideas, and energy, is radically cut back. The use of EHRs is a crucial means of enhancing the efficiency of healthcare professionals and reduces the administrative and labor costs associated with health care delivery and financing. With increased efficiency, there is a reduced cost of running healthcare facilities since there is minimal wastage of resources. Concerning wastage of resources, manual records require human resources to run them by operating the archives and pulling out files. The use of electronic medical records cuts back on employment of excess staff required for jobs that can be easily automated.

Sociological Theories And Service Users Situations Social Work Essay

Sociological Theories And Service Users Situations Social Work Essay In taking the time to observe how sociological and psychological influences may impact on a service user or client group, the social worker can remain mindful of the wider context of a situation and not just take what she sees at face value. This knowledge allows the social worker to remain objective and to make informed decisions in order to maintain professionalism in her work. By applying Sociological and Psychological theory to the Bertrams case study I aim to explore the wider social context, outside influence and psychological implications from the past and present. Through this exploration I will uncover the varying viewpoints and sometimes contradictory nature of these theories. To gain a Sociological perspective on the case study I will be applying Functionalist and Feminist theories. I will be able to scrutinise the Bertrams current situation and apply the theory in order to gain a wider understanding of the social context. In order to maintain a balanced viewpoint, Psychod ynamic theory and Maslows hierarchy will enable me to consider the psychological impact with a focus on human and emotional development. By examining a situation from a Sociological perspective we can take into account how various aspects such as class, social structure, religion, disability can impact people from a wider social context. This is essential in gaining a holistic picture the situation. Functionalism By applying a Macro theory to the case scenario it allows us to look at the large scale features of society and how individual actions affect society as a whole and vice versa. Functionalism will enable me to contemplate the structure of society and how the Bertrams fit within that structure. Functionalist theorists regard society as a system with interlocking parts. It is believed that each part needs to function effectively in order for society, as a system, to work as a whole. It is often rationalised using biological analogy. The social role of individuals is an integral part of the theory. Each person is thought to have their individual role to play within society. From a functionalist perspective it is very clear that Mrs Bertram is not fulfilling her role as a wife. Due to her alzemers she is unable to carry out the duties that would have been expected of her. Durkheim believed that everyone had their place, and a womans place was in the home. In the context of the 40s, 50s wh en Functionalism was at its peak, this viewpoint would not have been uncommon, if a little out-dated by todays standards. None the less, it is not through choice that she has become dysfunctional within society. She has legitimate claim for not being able to carry out her societal role and Functionalism would automatically see her take on the sick role. This would enable her to function again within the system under a different guise. It could also be observed that Mr Bertram is a dysfunctional member of society. With his reckless behaviour, his outrageous spending, and the lack of care for his wifes basic needs he is no longer fulfilling his role of husband. A main proponent of Functionalism was Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). He saw marital vows as obligations. When I perform my duties as a brother, a husband or a citizen and carry out the commitments I have entered into, I fulfil obligations which are defined in law and custom which are external to myself and my actions (Durkheim, 1982). He believed that if a member of society was deemed as dysfunctional, then he was considered to be a deviant member of society. Deviance occurs when people are not functioning correctly, according to the norm. This could be through crime, or anything which affects their ability to carry out their societal role. Deviance needs to be controlled or managed. If it was established that Mr Bertram was in fact deviant then he may need some persuading that by providing the care and attention that his wife needs his wife would not be removed from the situation. Through this resolution, therefore, they would both be able to function appropriately. It could be observed that Mr Bertram had an alcohol dependency. If this was established then Mr Bertram too may take on the sick role. In which case a different method for resolving the issues within the house would need to be adopted. Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) believed that sickness was a social concept rather than a biological concept. So being ill meant acting in different, deviant ways to the norm. Being sick was therefore a form of social role (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). Parsons believed the rights of a sick person to be exemption from normal social obligations, the right to be looked after and blamed for their social deviance as long as they were genuinely sick. Obligations of a person playing the sick role would be to understand that they have to get well as soon as possible in order to continue their normal function and in order to do this they must receive professional help. Mr Bertrams condition would need to be treated or managed in order to enable him to function ag ain. In that case Mr and Mrs Bertram would be able to stay at home under treatment and the issues about care could be dealt with accordingly. He would no longer be considered deviant member of society. A criticism of the sick role would be that it is very difficult to apply to long term illness like that of Mrs Bertram. It is built on the assumption that the person gain help in order to gain function. This would not be possible for Mrs Bertram. Feminism From a Radical Feminist perspective it could be observed that Mrs Bertram has been oppressed by her husband. Through her devotion and his dominance she has succumb to subordination. Radical Feminists use the patriarchal social system as a concept to explain gender inequality. Patriarchy is the dominance of men over women in society. They view men as responsible for the exploitation of women from which they benefit greatly, through free domestic labour, sexual duties and so on. The case study describes how Mrs Bertram was swept off of her feet and totally devoted to Mr Bertram. In their current situation, Mrs Bertram is at home in squalled conditions and desperately in need of help. Mr Bertram is avoiding the situation by using diversionary tactic, selfishly seeking social activity and pleasure through drink. This further increases her oppression as she is fully dependent on her husband to provide the care and attention which she is desperately in need of. Shulamith Firestone, an early radical feminist writer argues that men control womens roles in re-production and child bearing. Because women are biologically able to give birth to children, they become more dependent materially on men for protection and livelihood (Giddens, 2006). Feminists could argue that for this reason Mrs Bertram has become vulnerable within her setting and just accepts this way of life. Jessie Bernard argued that Men need marriage more than women (pg 208 Gender). Perhaps this reliance on the domestic labour, comfort and sexual duties of a wife, which has been lost my Mr Bertram through his wifes condition is attributing to his behaviour. Mrs Bertram is no longer fulfilling her duties as a wife and this could be disrupting his routine. It would appear that Mr Bertram has never had to control the household, take care of his wife or finances, and may lack the ability or may simply consider it beneath him. It could affect his masculinity to have to carry out such c hores and duties believed to be part of a womans role. This may also be the reason why he is reluctant to accept help with the situation. He may feel he is being barraged and dictated to by his step daughters which may be resulting in a greater defiance. It is not clear from the case study, the nature of their relationship either. He may feel that family and professionals are undermining his authority as head of the household. Mr Bertram may be compensating for his lack of masculinity at home, by using his social appearance, bravado, drinking and defiance. This time away from the house for him may reaffirm his role as a dominant male within society whilst his dominant role as a man disappears at home. He no longer has command over his wife, no longer gets respect, adoration that he was once used to. Men are considered to have more influence within society; Mr Bertram has no influence over this situation or over his wife. Part 2: Using the scenario describe two psychological theories that can be used to help your understanding of the service users situation Humanistic theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908 1970) argued that humans throughout life not only want to have their basic survival needs met they strive for more in terms of personal growth. He believed that once basic needs for survival had been met that human development progressed toward higher psychological needs. He argued that people are motivated by the conscious desire for personal growth (Rathus, 2004). Maslow believed what separated us from our so-called lower animals was our capacity for self-actualisation (Rathus,2004). He believed that this self- actualisation was as important as basic needs but could not be met unless other stages of human needs were completed. He organised these stages into the hierarchy of needs, often presented in pyramid format. Each stage must be satisfied in order to progress to the next. At the bottom of the hierarchy are physiological needs. These are the basic human needs we all have in order to survive, like food, water, shelter, oxygen. Once t he first basic need has been satisfied, the following stage is safety needs, the need for security. The following stage in the hierarchy is love and belonging; the need to give and receive love, to overcome loneliness and achieve a sense of belonging in life. The fourth stage is Esteem needs; to feel self-confident, respected and not to feel inferior. Self-actualisation is the final stage in the hierarchy and can only be reached when all foregoing needs are satisfied and the person feels he has achieved everything he wants to in life and is the best that he can be. In the case of the Bertrams it is clear that Mrs Bertram is currently not even meeting the bottom of Maslows hierarchy of needs. It is noted that their flat is in an appalling state, she is unable to feed herself and left on her own for most of the day. You would expect most of her needs to be met within the context of her marriage to Mr Bertram; however, since he has neglected his role as a husband, he has placed her in a position of significant danger. Since not even her basic physiological needs are being met in the current situation then at present there would not be an opportunity to progress through the hierarchy of needs. If Mrs Bertram was placed in residential care then her physiological needs would be met. She would have food, water and care of her basic needs. She could then perhaps progress to the following stage of safety. She would no longer be at risk of hurting herself and she would be in a more secure environment. Although it could be argued that for an advance Alzheimers sufferer, the unfamiliar setting would disorientate her and she might not actually feel secure there. Because of her diagnosis, Mrs Bertram is unlikely to meet the third stage of love and belongingness. Her advanced Alzheimers may mean that she fails to recognise her husband, family members and have a declining ability to communicate. Mrs Bertram would never reach self-actualisation. The best that could be achieved would be basic survival and safety needs, whether this was achieved at home with the compliance of her husband, or in residential care. Although it could be debated that residential care would not be the best opt ion. As the GP states in the case scenario, a move to residential care might well kill Mrs Bertram. It would appear from the case scenario that Mr Bertrams basic needs are being fulfilled. However it is uncertain as to whether his s safety and security needs are being met. He certainly would not get a sense of love and belonging from his wife, in the latter stages of sever dementia. I would observe, however, there is some attempt from Mr Bertram to achieve a sense of self-esteem, since he spends the majority of his time with his compatriots at the golf club. It is clear that in this relationship and the current situation faced by the Bertrams that he too has no way of reaching self-actualisation. Maslow observes that it is mainly social factors that hinder the personal growth of humans. Potentially at least the first two stages of Maslows hierarchy could be reached within the context of their marriage, with the right services in place. Psychodynamic theory Through the Psychodynamic theory of personality we could speculate about Mr Bertrams past and how that has influence on his behaviour in the present. It would be difficult to achieve a comprehensive result in regards to Mrs Bertram because of her Alzheimers. Since her behaviour is wholly attributed to her condition. Studying Sigmund Freuds (1856 1939) theories, with a focus on psychosexual development, would be the most relevant to apply to the case scenario. Psychodynamic theory had been developed and evolved over the years. Freuds idea of Psychodynamic theory depicted humans as largely driven by unconscious motives and desires. He proclaimed that humans come into conflict when their basic instincts come up against social pressure to follow, laws or moral codes. At first this conflict is external, but as we develop it becomes internalised (Rathus, 2004). Freud explains the conflict of personality using psychic structures. The id, which Freud believed is present at birth and located in the unconscious mind, and revolves around our basic biological drives and instincts. It operates on what Freud called the pleasure principle. It demands instant gratification regardless of laws or moral rules. Another feature in the structure of personality is the ego. Formed from the id, developed through learni ng and experience. This is the part where conscious thought takes place (Beckett and Taylor, 2010). The ego operates on the reality principle. This takes into consideration what is practical and possible in gratifying needs (Rathus, 2004). When the ego senses improper impulses arsing it can sometimes deploy a number of defence mechanisms. The third psychic structure is the superego. This is formed throughout early childhood and is developed through standards, values, parenting and moral standards. Psychodynamic theory emphasises the way in which the mind stimulates behavior, and both mind and behavior influence and are influenced by the persons social environment (Payne, 2005) Freud believed there were four stages in psychosexual development. The first stage took place during the first year of a childs life. This is known as the oral stage. Much of the childs development is explored by putting things into the mouth and sucking, biting chewing. Freud believed it was possible to have arrested development through trauma. And be fixated on one of the stages. From the case study we could surmise that Mr Bertram is fixated on the oral stage of psychosexual development through his drinking. We could speculate that he may have had a significant trauma at that stage which has left him with a possible alcohol dependency, thus fixated on the oral stage. It could perhaps be identified that Mr Bertram is using psychological defence mechanisms in order to avoid the situation that he is currently facing. Part 3: Reflect on your own background describe it and indicate 1 sociological and 1 psychological theory that can be applied to you, giving examples The relationship I have with my father has often been fraught, difficult and tense. As a sufferer of a severe mental disorder, my father has often displayed irrational, delusional, paranoid and sometimes violent behaviour. Throughout his life he has had frequent hospitalisation. For me this is something I have grown up with and am used to dealing with on a day to day basis. I am acutely aware of how our relationship differs to that of my friends for example. I have as close a relationship as possible with him, and to that end I usually bear the brunt of his paranoia and aggression when he is unwell. I have witnessed first-hand the stigma attached to mental illness. I find it extremely difficult to trust anyone enough to tell them about the situation, and I strongly feel I shouldnt have to tell everyone that meets him, this only leads to labelling him as mentally ill, thus changing the way in which they treat him; which only compounds his paranoia. Some Sociological theorists believe that mental illness is a social construction in order to rationalise bizarre or irrational behaviour that cannot be in any other way explained. This is known as labelling theory. Scheff (1966) argued that people are labelled as mentally ill because their behaviour does not make sense to others. Scheff points out that labelling of a person as mentally ill is facilitated by stereotyped imagery learned in early childhood and continually reaffirmed, inadvertently, in ordinary social interaction and through the mass media. Thus, when a persons violation of social norms or deviance becomes a public issue, the traditional stereotype of crazy person is readily adopted both by those reacting to the deviant person and, often, by the deviant person as well (Lamb. 2002). Erving Goffman suggests that when someone is labelled as mentally ill then they are treated differently. When an interaction takes place with that person it is with this knowledge of the menta l illness, therefore creating what Goffman called a spurious interaction (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). From a behaviourist view, Schizophrenia could be viewed as a kind of learned behaviour. From this perspective, people engage in schizophrenic behaviour when it is more likely to be reinforced than normal behaviour (Rathus, 2004). This could be the result of being raised in an unrewarding or punitive situation. It could also be observed that this kind of behaviour is reinforced within the hospital setting, where the schizophrenic behaviour is reinforced through attention from professionals within that setting. Cognitive theory argues that behavior is affected by perception or interpretation of the environment during the process of learning. Apparently inappropriate behavior must therefore arise from misinterpretation. Therapy tries to correct the misunderstanding, so that our behavior reacts appropriately to the environment (Payne, 2006) I believe the experiences I have had with my father give me the ability to understand mental illness without stigmatising. It also helps me empathise with the sufferer and the family. An empathetic approach to someone who was hearing voices for example, would be to understand that to the person affect, they are very real. I fully understand the importance of having the right services in place in order for that person to thrive. My experience allows me to observe the wider context of a situation and realise that it is not only the primary sufferer of the condition that is affected. The wider family needs to be considered as they have a huge role to play in the well-being of the person concerned.